What is kyphosis?
Kyphosis is a condition where the upper back curves forward more than normal, creating a rounded or hunched appearance. It's sometimes called a "hunchback" or "roundback," and it can affect people of all ages, from children to older adults.
A normal spine has gentle curves that help with balance and movement. But when the upper curve becomes too steep—usually more than 50 degrees—it’s considered kyphosis. For some, the curve is mild and doesn’t cause any problems. For others, it can lead to back pain, stiffness or a noticeable change in posture.
Kyphosis can happen for different reasons. It may be caused by poor posture, injuries, weakened bones from osteoporosis or certain medical conditions. In kids and teens, it can also be related to a growth issue called Scheuermann’s disease.
Treatment depends on what’s causing the curve and how severe it is. Some people may just need physical therapy or exercises to improve posture. Others might need a back brace or surgery.
Kyphosis symptoms
Kyphosis symptoms can range from mild to more serious, depending on how much the spine is curved and what causes it. Some people may not notice any symptoms at first, especially if the curve develops slowly over time.
Common signs of kyphosis include:
- A rounded or hunched upper back
- Head that leans forward or sits lower than the shoulders
- Back pain or stiffness, especially in the upper or mid-back
- Fatigue after standing or sitting for long periods
- Tightness in the back or hamstrings
- In more severe cases, trouble breathing or nerve problems
When to see a doctor
You should see your doctor if noticeable changes in your or your child’s spine concern you. Sometimes, children and teenagers are referred to a doctor for kyphosis after a scoliosis screening at school. The sooner you or your child gets a diagnosis, the earlier you can start treatment.
Kyphosis causes
Kyphosis can have different causes depending on your age, overall health and how the spine is affected. Some cases are related to posture, while others are caused by changes in the bones of the spine.
Common causes include:
- Poor posture: Slouching over time, especially in teens, can lead to postural kyphosis.
- Spinal development issues: Conditions like Scheuermann’s disease cause the bones in the spine to grow unevenly, leading to a curved back.
- Congenital defects: Some babies are born with spine bones that didn’t form properly, which can cause kyphosis as they grow.
- Osteoporosis: This bone-thinning condition can lead to weak or fractured vertebrae, especially in older adults.
- Spinal injuries: Trauma or fractures in the spine can lead to a more severe forward curve.
- Degenerative diseases: Conditions like arthritis can break down the spine over time and lead to kyphosis.
