Vaginitis

What are the different types of vaginitis?

There are many different types of vaginitis. The most common include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, trichomoniasis, non-infectious vaginitis and vaginal atrophy. You can also get vaginitis from an allergic reaction to perfumed soaps, laundry detergents and even your partner’s semen.

What causes vaginitis?

The causes of vaginitis vary depending on the specific type you have. The most common causes of vaginitis include:

• Infections: Sexually transmitted infections occur when parasites, bacteria and viruses that cause infection spread through sexual contact. These infections can cause vaginitis.
• Lack of estrogen: Low estrogen levels, most commonly caused by breastfeeding, menopause or removal of the ovaries, can cause vaginal atrophy, a form of vaginitis.
• Vaginal sex: Sexual activity can cause vaginitis by leading to changes in the balance of yeast and bacteria in your vagina. It’s also possible to have an allergic reaction to your partner’s semen or to experience irritation from friction, lubricants or condoms.
• Allergies and irritants: Chemical irritants and fragrances in personal hygiene products like soaps, detergents and fabric softeners can cause vaginitis, as can spermicides.
• Change in hormone levels: During hormonal transitions like pregnancy, breastfeeding and menopause, changes in your body’s hormone levels can cause changes to your vagina that make vaginitis more likely to occur.

Vaginitis treatment

Many women can find relief from vaginitis with over-the-counter products, antibiotics and other therapies.

How can I prevent vaginitis?

There are many ways to prevent bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.

• Wear dry, breathable clothing: Yeast can grow in warm, damp environments. Cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing help keep you dry and cool, so opt for those over synthetic underwear and tight pants. Also, change out of sweaty or wet clothing, such as bathing suits, as soon as possible.
• Be selective with your personal care products: Avoid using scented tampons, pads, vaginal deodorants and perfumed feminine hygiene products. Stop using perfumed bath products, laundry items or scented/colored toilet paper if they irritate your skin. Consult your doctor if you're concerned about vaginal odor.
• Don’t douche: Avoid douching, as it can disrupt the healthy balance of bacteria in your vagina and lead to infection. Additionally, douching can mask an existing infection.
• Ask your provider about the benefits of taking hormones: If you’re approaching menopause or have low estrogen levels, ask your provider about the benefits of using vaginal hormone pills or creams to keep your vagina lubricated and healthy.
• Get regular screenings: Maintaining good health habits is important. Have regular gynecologic exams, including pap smears for cervical cancer, as recommended by your provider. If you have multiple sexual partners, request STI screenings.